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张上塘:五四情怀

作者: 张上塘  来源:本站  2019-05-07 15:03:23

 

今年是五四运动100周年。百年岁月,史鉴昭昭;百年巨变,人间沧桑,中国人民对五四始终有着特殊的情怀和别样的表达。走进五四,理解历史,体验当年阴云密布,风雨低垂,中华民族生死存亡(生存);走出五四,关爱现代,舒放当下莺歌燕舞,东风万里,中国人民生活更加美好(生活),弘扬五四,审视时代,洞察未来美景,绿水青山,神州大地生机态然(生态)。生存、生活、生态三者互为因果相互依托,构成既是历史,又是现实,更是未来;既是学术思想、社会价值,又是人文关怀,更是精神价值财富,五四成为一代又一代国人的思索、对话、反思与致意的无限情怀与表达。

五四运动发生在晚清民初交替之际,是中国三晚(晚周、晚明、晚清)社会变革、思想交锋、观念冲击、文化转向、内外冲突、相互碰撞、对决、动荡最为激烈的年代,历史是探究中国历史、社会、思想、文化的不尽源泉,永恒的研究对象。

穿越时空隧道,依稀可见当年萨拉热窝当地青年普林西普用手工制作手枪射杀奥匈帝国皇储弗朗茨·费迪南大公夫妇,引发德国同盟国与英国协约国的对决,1500万人四年殒命,中国华工14万开赴欧洲战场,5000人魂丢异国。每年111111时为欧洲一战将士阵亡纪念。中国为参战国,19181128日在故宫太和殿中华民国大总统徐世昌检阅参战军,发表演说,放假三天,六万人游行,庆祝胜利。但胜利之花结出苦涩之果,公理战胜强权成为美丽童话,巴黎外交失败诠释弱国无外交的定律,也成为五四运动的导火线。

191954日,以北京大学青年学生为主,广大民众参与,全国各地响应,进行请愿、游行、演讲、罢课、罢工、暴力等对抗中国巴黎屈辱外交。同时反对封建道德,提倡法治、人权、自由,反对旧文化和文言文,倡导新文化和白语文。五四运动成为中国人民彻底的反帝反封建的爱国运动。

五四运动的前戏是辛亥革命。19111010日武昌起义,黎元洪为都督,改国号为中华民国。191211日孙中山就任临时大总统,同年212日清宣统三年发布退位诏书,延续2132年中国封建帝制宣布终结。一批批新锐知识精英群体崛起,蔡元培、傅斯年、孙中山、梁淑溟、冯友兰、胡适、鲁迅等,猛烈抨击封建礼教,倡导西方的德先生(Democracy  ,民主)、赛先生(science,科学) 和共和理念。1898年严复翻译达尔文《进化论与伦理学》为《天演论》─物竞天择,适者生存,误读进化原则,颇具社会达尔文主义。1905《青年杂志》创刊,激进时评,而《天义报》  最早刊登《共产党宣言》,还有鲁迅的《狂人日记》等,显示政治上民族主义、文化上反传统主义、还有空想社会主义、无政府主义等等组成奇独的混合体,各种思想、流派、主义都有市场,都在传播、震荡、纠缠,分化。

1917年俄国十月革命胜利,送来马克思主义。李大钊、陈独秀等一批进步人士接受和传播马克思主义。一战后欧洲列强无暇东顾,五四运动前后国内外重大历史事件和重要历史人物相互交错、纠缠,共同助推中国民族主义兴起。1921年中国共产党成立,开创中国历史新篇章,成为五四运动最有意义最为珍贵的历史遗产。

中国人民从未放弃自己的遗产。走出五四关怀当下,年轻的新中国和青年一代,从容应对纷繁复杂多变的国内外局势,培育历史感,拓宽视野,开启现代价值,以后见之明正确理解当年五四政治和文化意涵,系统挖掘五四历史经验与当代价值聚合点,敢于提出与前人不同的五四见解。中国人民一直在寻找五四,一直在五四里行走,五四一直在路上,“五四”光耀世界,光耀时代。

无论是在那建国初期一穷二白艰苦奋斗年代,还是在那改革开放激情燃烧岁月,特别是党的“十八大”以来,无论是国家队还是民间队,都是爱国队,都在奋力拼搏中国特色社会主义新时代。中国人民一茬接一茬,青年伙伴一代接一代,生龙活虎,敢闯会创,爱拼能赢,自我成长,向往更加美好未来,五四激情用在。

    中国人民从来未停留在高度符号化层面之上,并不在意百年前打到孔家店的经典口号,依然传承数千年中华传统优秀文化,诗词大会、见字如面、百家讲坛、国家宝藏等栏目,成为大众传媒的网红和新宠,受到全民热捧;孔子学院在更多的国家地区扎根成长;并不在意百年前废止中医的阵阵呼喊,依然从数千年中医宝库吸取智慧和营养,一把药草一根银针,救死扶伤,惠及中国,惠及世界,养生保健、长寿安康,中医很现代,屠呦呦们还获得诺贝尔医学奖,大美中医·大师论坛开张;并不在意百年前废除汉字的大劫难,依然传承汉语言方块字,周有光汉字拼音,输入电脑,王选们告别火与铅迎来光和电时代,独创八代汉字激光编排,效率远超西文。1991年开始汉语托福130多个国家地区1100多个考点,汉语走向国际化;并不在意百年前的东亚病夫东方睡狮的嘲弄羞辱,依然独立自主勤劳勇敢,仅用几十年努力数百倍经济增长超过西方260多年 现代化历程,成为世界最大的制造大国,世界第二大经济体,创造一个个奇迹,神州大地处处焕发五四的靓丽 色彩

百年后今天,中国人民以更加豪迈气概,勾勒传统文化价值的存在,自有底气与自信,把生存生活生态串起五四珍珠格外醒目靓彩。

“五四”以来崇尚西方科学技术(真)、民族自由(善)、文化艺术(美),“真善美”是西方价值范畴和精神文化的标准表达。国学大师钱穆等早就对此提出质疑,不少有识之士认为:中华传统优秀文化的道术(中)、道德(和)、艺术(乐),集中体现中国独特的中正、中和、和谐、五声八音,乐而有仪,乐(yue)而生乐(le)精神价值追求。“中和乐”其真理观、道德观、艺术观均高于西方的“真善美”。当然中西价值体系各有所长、各有所短,各个民族色彩各个文明之间取长补短,互鉴融通,是大势所在,人类追求共同价值目标。

《国语》曰:天六地五,数之常也。经之以天,纬之以地,中国人民就是要拥有经天纬地、掌理四方的气概、本领和才能,创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享,助推中国顺应时代发展潮流;中共人民就是要有宽广胸怀和气概,融通百川千江,四海同心,相通共进,经纬四方,以人为本,以德为先,人为为人,洞察古今,立足当下,实干解难,潜心实践,协同万邦,构建人类共同价值,共商共建共享人类命运共同体。

百年前科学社会主义缔造者马克思曾预言:我们的事业并不显赫一时,但将永远存在。而中国共产党先驱、五四运动的先锋李大钊畅想未来,黄金时代不在我们背后,乃在我们面前,不在过去,乃在未来。百年后的中国可以告慰革命先驱:历沧桑大海还在,经风雨中国永在,百年前中国国势衰微,风雨飘摇,承受帝国列强、殖民、封建、战争、饥饿、逃亡、灾难,生死存亡,生活和精神极端窘困危难。而今饱含崇敬之情,更加深刻体验选择正确道路决定命运,是何等艰辛,何等珍贵。

五四运动发源地北京大学提出团结起来,振兴中华,中国人民不惧风雨,不畏艰险,按照自己的节奏,坚定不移走自己的路,把自己的事情办好,创造更加美好生活,创造更加美好的生态文明社会,创建更加美好的人类命运共同体。这就是中国人民的五四情怀与表达,青年一代激情奋进绽放的青春色彩。

大海还在,在于其容纳百江千川辽阔深邃;五四同在,在于其青春模样,放飞梦想,青春永在,追寻未来,青春无悔,澎湃情怀;中国永在,在于其境界常新,融合竞争,协调发展,改革包容开放!  青春无限,勇往向前!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               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